ABSTRACT
La resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema de salud pública en aumento. La generación de redes de vigilancia es una necesidad para la correcta comprensión y seguimiento de este fenómeno, además de ayudar a orientar las medidas para el control de su aparición y diseminación. En Chile, desde el año 2007 se constituyó un grupo colaborativo de resistencia antimicrobiana de centros de salud de varias regiones, que ha generado información respecto a la frecuencia de resistencia antimicrobiana de distintas especies bacterianas. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la vigilancia del año 2009, con énfasis en su interpretación, limitaciones y perspectivas a futuro.
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing public health issue. Creation of surveillance networks is a matter of major importance for antimicrobial resistance understanding and monitoring. Also, they contribute to design actions for controlling its appearance and dissemination. In 2007 a colaborative group in antimicrobial resistance was formed, representing several health institutions across the country. In this paper we report the results of 2009 surveillance with emphasis in its interpretation, limitations and future perspectives.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Chile , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Population SurveillanceABSTRACT
The article summarizes the scientific evidence related with protection conferred by the 23 valent polysacchar-die vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease, non bacteriemic pneumococcal pneumonia, and probable pneumococal pneumonia in the elderly. Eider patients with and without risk factors are considered. The impact of herd immunitty conferred by vaccination of children with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in reduction of penumonia in adults is discussed. Based on this analysis, the Advisory Committee on Immunizations of the Chilean Infectious Disease Society makes recommendations on the most efficient vaccine strategy for reduction of pneumococcal pneumonia in the elderly.
El artículo resume los hallazgos de la evidencia científica en relación a la protección que confiere la vacuna neumocóccica polisacárida 23 valente contra la enfermedad neumocóccica invasora, las neumonías neumocóccicas no bacteriémicas y las neumonías probablemente de etiología neumocóccica en el adulto mayor, estableciendo una categorización entre adultos mayores con factores de riesgo y sin ellos. Se documenta a la vez, el impacto que ha tenido la vacuna neumocóccica conjugada en la población infantil, en reducir las neumonías en el adulto mayor. Basados en la información disponible, el Comité Consultivo de Inmunizaciones de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, realiza recomendaciones sobre cuál sería la mejor forma de prevenir las enfermedades neumocóccicas en el adulto mayor.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Evidence-Based Medicine , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Advisory Committees , Chile , Pneumococcal Vaccines/adverse effects , Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Societies, MedicalSubject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Infections/microbiology , Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Chile , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Enteritis/microbiology , Enteritis/drug therapyABSTRACT
We evaluated the usefulness of the direct immunofluorescence test with monoclonal antibodies and the enzyme immunoassay in comaprison with isolation in cell cultures for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in 55 endocervica specimens from female prostitutes and 21 urethral specimens fro men with diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis. In comparison with culture, the enzyme immunoassay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%. The immunofluorescence test had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 98%. The positive and negative predictive values for the enzyme immunoassay were 81% and 100% and for immunofulorescence 92% and 98% respectively. The immunologic methods appear to be satisfactory alternatives to culture for detecting C trachomatis in genital specimens in the studied populations